Wazi kangakanani malunga neemagnethi ze-NdFeB?

Izinto umazibuthe ezisisigxina ikakhulu zibandakanya AlNiCo (AlNiCo) inkqubo metal umazibuthe esisigxina, isizukulwana sokuqala SmCo5 umazibuthe esisigxina (ebizwa 1:5 samarium cobalt ingxubevange), isizukulwana sesibini Sm2Co17 (ebizwa 2:17 samarium cobalt ingxubevange) umazibuthe esisigxina, isizukulwana sesithathu kunqabile umhlaba osisigxina umazibuthe ingxubevange NdFeB (ebizwa NdFeB ingxubevange). Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji, ukusebenza kwe-NdFeB esisigxina yemagnethi kuphuculwe kwaye indawo yesicelo yandisiwe. I-NdFeB ene-sintered enemveliso yamandla amagnetic (50 MGA ≈ 400kJ / m3), ukunyanzeliswa okuphezulu (28EH, 32EH) kunye nokushisa okuphezulu kokusebenza (240C) kuye kwaveliswa kwishishini. Izixhobo eziphambili ze-NdFeB zemagnethi ezisisigxina ziyintsimbi yomhlaba enqabileyo Nd (Nd) 32%, i-metal element Fe (Fe) 64% kunye ne-non-metal element B (B) 1% (ixabiso elincinci le-dysprosium (Dy), i-terbium ( Tb), i-cobalt (Co), i-niobium (Nb), i-gallium (Ga), i-aluminium (Al), ubhedu (Cu) kunye nezinye izinto). I-NdFeB ternary system ye-ternary esisigxina yemagnethi isekelwe kwi-Nd2Fe14B ikhompawundi, kwaye ukubunjwa kwayo kufuneka kufane ne-compound Nd2Fe14B i-molecular formula. Nangona kunjalo, iipropathi zemagneti zemagnethi ziphantsi kakhulu okanye azikho-magnetic xa umlinganiselo we-Nd2Fe14B usasazwa ngokupheleleyo. Kuphela xa umxholo we-neodymium kunye ne-boron kwimagnethi yokwenyani ingaphezulu komxholo we-neodymium kunye ne-boron kwikhompawundi ye-Nd2Fe14B, inokufumana ipropati engcono yemagnethi esisigxina.

I-Sintering: Izithako (ifomula) → ukunyibilikisa → ukwenza umgubo → ukucinezela (ukwenza ulungelelwaniso) → ukuntywila kunye nokuguga → ukuhlolwa kwepropathi yemagneti → ukusetyenzwa ngoomatshini → unyango lokugquma umphezulu (i-electroplating) → ukuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo
Ukudibanisa: imathiriyeli ekrwada → uhlengahlengiso lobungakanani besuntswana → ukuxuba nesibophelelo → ukubumba (ucinezelo, ukhuphelo, isitofu) → unyango lokudubula (uxinzelelo) → ukusetyenzwa kwakhona → ukuhlolwa kwemveliso egqityiweyo

Kukho iiparitha ezintathu eziphambili: i-remanence Br (i-Residual Induction), i-unit Gauss, emva kokuba intsimi yamagnetic isuswe kwisimo sokuhluthwa, ubuninzi obusele buzibuthe, obumele amandla ombane wangaphandle wemagnethi; amandla okunyanzeliswa Hc (i-Coercive Force), iyunithi ye-Oersteds, kukubeka imagnethi kwintsimi yemagnethi esetyenzisiweyo, xa intsimi yemagnethi esetyenzisiweyo inyuka ukuya kumandla athile, ubuninzi bemagnetic flux yemagnethi iya kuba phezulu. Xa intsimi yamagnetic esetyenzisiweyo isanda kumandla athile, i-magnetism yemagnethi iya kunyamalala, ukukwazi ukuxhathisa intsimi yamagnetic ebizwa ngokuba yi-Coercive Force, emele umlinganiselo wokuchasana kwe-demagnetization; Imveliso yamandla emagnethi iBHmax, iyunithi yeGauss-Oersteds, yimagnethi yamandla enziwe ngokweyunithi yesixa semathiriyeli, eyisixa esibonakalayo samandla angakanani anokugcinwa ngumazibuthe.

Okwangoku, ezona ndawo zisetyenziswayo zezi: imagnethi esisigxina yemoto, ijenereyitha, iMRI, isahluli samagnetic, isithethi esivakalayo, inkqubo yemagnethi yokujikeleza, ukuhanjiswa kwemagnethi, ukuphakamisa imagnethi, izixhobo, imagneti yolwelo, izixhobo zonyango lwemagnethi, njl.njl. ukwenza iimoto, oomatshini ngokubanzi, ishishini lepetrochemical, ishishini lolwazi lombane kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili.

I-NdFeB sesona sixhobo sinamandla semagnethi esisigxina emhlabeni, imveliso yayo yamandla ombane iphindwe kalishumi ngaphezulu kwe-ferrite esetyenziswa ngokubanzi, kwaye malunga nokuphinda kabini ukuphakama kwesizukulwana sokuqala kunye nesesibini semagnethi yomhlaba enqabileyo (imagnethi esisigxina yeSmCo), eyaziwa ngokuba "inkosi yemagnethi esisigxina". Ngokutshintshela ezinye izixhobo zemagnethi ezisisigxina, umthamo kunye nobunzima besixhobo bunokucuthwa ngokukhawuleza. Ngenxa yobutyebi obuninzi be-neodymium, xa kuthelekiswa nemagnethi esisigxina ye-samarium-cobalt, i-cobalt ebizayo ithathelwa indawo yintsimbi, eyenza imveliso ibe yindleko ngakumbi.